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Charlie Munger, el socio de Warren Buffett, popularizó el uso de modelos mentales en los 90. Según él, su vida ha consistido en crearse un pequeño arsenal de 80-90 modelos, que se repiten una y otra vez y que le ayudan a entender mejor las situaciones a las que se enfrenta.

En Suma Positiva, Samuel ha presentado muchísimos modelos mentales ya. Por ejemplo, los flywheel effect. Entenderlos nos permite identificarlos y comprender las ventajas competitivas de muchos negocios.

Armarnos con un arsenal personal de modelos mentales es una forma más de mejorar nuestra toma de decisiones.

In a famous speech in the 1990s, Charlie Munger summed up the approach to practical wisdom through understanding mental models by saying: “Well, the first rule is that you can't really know anything if you just remember isolated facts and try and bang 'em back. ... You've got to have models in your head.

A mental model is an idea you have in your head about a particular situation

PHYSICS / Chemistry

• 1. First Principles
• 2. Inertia
• 3. Critical Mass
• 4. Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
• 6. Observer Effect
• 7. AutoCatalysis (aka Evergreen or Self-breeding)
• 8. Velocity
• 9. Leverage
• 10. Activation Energy
• 11. Entropy
• 12. Potential Energy

SCIENCE & SCIENTISM (truth vs facts)

• 1. Half-life
• 2. Scientific Method
• 3. Planck’s Principle
• 4. Newton's Flaming Laser Sword / Alder's Razor
• 5. Hitchens' Razor

EVOLUTION

• 1. Evolutionarily Stable Strategy
• 2. Generalist vs Specialist Species
• 3. Punctuated Equilibrium
• 4. Discomfort Razor
• 5. Asymmetric Warfare
• 6. Cumulative Culture
• 7. Chesterton's Fence and Lindy Effect
• 8. Red Queen effect
• 9. Predation

STATISTICS

• 1. Power-Laws
• 2. Pareto Principle
• 3. Long Tail
• 4. The Monte Carlo Fallacy
• 5. False Cause
• 6. Local vs Global Optimum
• 7. Simpson’s Paradox
• 8. Batting Averages in Baseball
• 9. Regression to the Mean
• 10. P-Hacking

EXPONENTIAL LAWS OF TECH STARTUPS

• 1. Moore's Law
• 2. Metcalf's Law
• 3. Power-Laws

PSYCHOLOGY (humans are monkeys) - See Cognitive Biases & Logical Fallacies

• 1. Fundamental Attribution Error
• 2. Intuition
• 3. Cognitive Biases
• 4. Pavlovian Association (after Ivan Pavlov’s classical conditioning)
• 5. Scarcity
• 6. The Bakers Dozen
• 7. Operation Mindfuck
• 8. Machiavelli's Razor
• 9. Unexpected Hanging Paradox
• 10. The Fisher Protocol
• 11. Zeigarnik Effect

ECONOMICS

• 1. Premature Optimisation
• 2. Organizational Debt
• 3. Strategy Tax
• 4. Sunk Cost
• 5. Opportunity Cost
• 6. Math, Economics and Time
• 7. Pareto's Efficiency
• 8. Cantillon Effect

TOOLS for ANALYSIS (meta-thinking)

• 1. Systems Thinking
• 2. The Bullwhip Effect / Or the Beer Game
• 3. Proximate vs Root Cause & the 5 Whys of the Toyota Production System
• 4. Second-Order Effects and Second-Order Thinking
• 4. Goodhart’s Law
• 5. The Map is not the Territory
• 6. Heaven’s Advocate mindset

DECISION MAKING

• 1. OODA Loop
• 2. Path Dependence
• 3. Decision Trees
• 4. Wisdom of the Crowd
• 5. Groupthink
• 6. Fermi Problem
• 7. Maslow’s Hammer
• 8. Anecdotal Evidence
• 9. Occam’s Razor
• 10. Bezos' Razors
• 11. Luck Razor